It may be noted that the ideas of fiscal federalism are relevant for all kinds of government, unitary, federal and confederal. Concepts and theories 25 of treaties and the coining of money is independent of the government of the associated states, and, on the other hand, state governments which in certain matters are, in their turn, independent of the general government. Ethnic federalism and its discontents crisis group africa report n153, 4 september 2009 page 2 ii. Diffenent modelsdifferent challenges advantagesdisadvantages by dr. The ethiopian experience 19912000 lovise aalen report r 2002. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content. The note focuses on what specifically two political. It traces its origin to the kingdoms that emerged in the northern highlands in the fourth century. An economic analysis of fiscal federalism in ethiopia abu girma moges abstract. Based on the recent unrest that has been precipitated by the oromo people in ethiopia, a number of observers such as davison,2015. What is surprising, however, is teshomes reasons for sounding the alarm.
Related terms are multiethnic federalism and ethnofederalism this type of federation is identified above all with the governance of meles zenawi from the 1990s in ethiopia, where it has sometimes been known as zenawism. I want to ask you to attach the exitexam of 2005 e. Ethnic federalism in ethiopia pdf ethiopia federalism. But it is still important to discuss the main sources of conflict through examining the real experiences as well as prevailing objectives during this tough era in regional geopolitics and global trends. Ethiopia has been one of the engines of africas economic growth for some time now. The section that relates to the prefederal experience of.
The interest in federalism among the constitution makers of ethiopia was a. Ethiopia s ancient system of feudal government experienced significant changes under haile selassie i reigned 193074, who carefully grafted onto the traditional governing institutions a weak parliament of appointed and elected legislators, a judiciary with modernized civil and criminal codes and a hierarchy of courts, and an executive. Introduction much has been written about ethiopia s twentythree year experiment with ethnic. In september 2018, china agreed to restructure the repayment pe riod for some of its loans from. Ever since 1991, ethiopia has departed from the old unitary form of state and has been implementing language based federalism.
According to articles 1 and 47 of the constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia, the country is a federation of nine ethnolinguistically divided regional states. Ethiopia faces widespread humanitarian needs due to a multitude and, at times, an overlap of crises. By what right does ethiopia call herself an empire. Therefore, the limitation in providing a more detailed analysis has to be acknowledged from the outset. Ethnic federalism is a federal system of national government in which the federated units are defined according to ethnicity. The imperial period 1974 ethiopia is the only african state never colonised by a foreign power. Federalism and the accommodation of diversity in ethiopia. Critique of professor clapham habtamu alebachew lecturer recently, i shared my brief outline of a monograph with colleagues and friends across domestic and foreign universities. The situation in ethiopia is now relatively stable.
I would like to say thanks to your invaluable efforts to access us all these legal materials and legal instruments. An economic analysis of fiscal federalism in ethiopia. However, these pledges were not translated into practice. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism by the united states under the constitution of 1787, is a. Federal ministry of education 2015 addis ababa the federal democratic republic of ethiopia education sector development programme v esdp v 2008 2012 e. Even for distinct schools of thoughts, federalism mean different. Ethiopian penal code was written in 1957 under the gregorian calendar but in 1950 under the ethiopian calendar. The federal state intergovernmental relationship in ethiopia 343 used to refer to relations between and within levels of government that facilitate the attainment of common goals through cooperation and interactions. Ethiopia s experience with written constitution and its treatment of issues concerning ethnicity, decentralization andor federalism in its various constitutions will be put in perspective with a view to tracing continuity and discontinuity in the countrys constitutional history.
A means to an end daniel abebe the university of chicago law school draft prepared for conference from parchment to practice. The judiciary and its interpretive power in ethiopia. Decentralization is transferring the power from the federal to regional level or delivering management functions to other authorities. Ethiopia european civil protection and humanitarian aid operations. Addis abeba, apr 21 prensa latina with about 76 ethnic groups, ethiopia is based in a federal system that strengthens the shared identity and the social capital, underlined today local academicians. Since then, ethiopia has been enjoying the federal and decentralized system of the ethnicbased federal governance structure. The fifth conference is a continuation of the dialogue on peace, democracy, unity and transition. Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to selfdetermination, to. Federalism is one of the most misunderstood concepts in ethiopia. Ethiopia has developed interesting mechanism of subsidy transfer systems and formulas revised formulas in 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2009. A comparative study by tewodros yalew submitted to central european university department of political science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts supervisor prof. Ethnic federalism in ethiopia is based on the federal constitution that came into. Situated in the horn of africa, ethiopia is bordered by eritrea to the north, sudan to the west, kenya to the south, somalia to the east and djibouti to the northeast. National anthem of ethiopia the national anthem of ethiopia, to be determined by law, shall reflect the ideals of the constitution, the commitment of the peoples of ethiopia to live together in a democratic order and of their common destiny.
The case of ethnicbased federalism in ethiopia article pdf available october 2008 with 20,293 reads how we measure reads. There are more than 80 different ethnic groups in ethiopia, some of which have articulated claims for autonomy and secession. Assefa fiseha phd, associate professor a thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies, school of law, addis ababa university, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the masters of. Ethiopias ancient system of feudal government experienced significant changes under haile selassie i reigned 193074, who carefully grafted onto the traditional governing institutions a weak parliament of appointed and elected legislators, a judiciary with modernized civil and criminal codes and a hierarchy of courts, and an executive. Ethiopia as a nation, defining it as an obsolete empirestate, a prison house of peoples. Federalism and the ethiopian constitution bekele berhanu march 19, 2019. Territorial autonomy for ethnic groups is an important component of ethiopian federalism designed to deal with the challenges of ethnic diversity. Ethnic federalism in ethiopia pdf opponents of ethnic federalism fear that it invites ethnic conflict and risks state. Thus here, one can firmly conclude that ethnic federalism in ethiopia has had different implications as far as managing the multiethnic nature of the country. Conceptualtheoretical issues in citizenship and federalism with respect to citizenship in every modern state, two major theoretical constructs are normally appropriated liberalism and civic republicanism. As a result, different federal systems came to reflect diverse.
Federal technical and vocational education and training institute ftveti were established in 2011 by the council of ministers proclamation 2452011 to produce highly professional and technically efficient tvet teachers and leaders. Civics and ethical education in ethiopia pdf 6 days ago notwithstanding such changes, the concept of civic and ethical education, in ethiopia, is not. Cohen harvard institute for international development the problems of nations within states, the coming anarchy, and the restoration of collapsed states have been widely discussed of late. Federalism in ethiopia pdf free download as pdf file. Evaluation finlands development cooperation with ethiopia 2000. Eu strengthens cooperation with ethiopia european commission. Now that the ethnic federal experiment is more than a decade old, it is possible to make a tentative evaluation of its performance. The accreditation will make the center the first in ethiopia.
The ethiopian federal system there are about twenty six federal countries which have, in spite of the basic similarities, variations in the way they organize its respective government structures. The future of work for smallholder farmers in ethiopia government. Michelsen institute development studies and human rights. History and ideology 57 selfadministration through regional autonomy. The article as it was prepared for a special occasion where detailed analysis was due time and other inconveniences. Fiscal federalism in ethiopia, fiscal federalism in ethiopia subject of this article, has been adopted within a unique political landscape of ethnic federalism. Federalism and the accommodation of diversity in ethiopia chapter 8 federalism and the adjudication of disputes 383 8. Thus, the eprdf that assumed power in may 1991 after its protracted 17 year armed insurgency undertaken the reconstruction of the ethiopian state. The developmental state and federalism in ethiopia. C on the name of the students who are going to take exitexam in this year including me. Ararssa, special to addis standard in the first part of this series of reflection on ethiopias experiment with federalism, i have discussed the sketchy description of the federation in context and the current ethiopian federal system and its fundamental features. Is ethnic federalism really the biggest problem in ethiopia.
Although ethiopia is a multiethnic state, the constitutions preamble affirms that the ethiopian peoples, in full and free exercise of their right to selfdetermination strongly commit. Ethiopia is the homeland for many spices, for example korarima, long pepper, black cumin. Secondary data was obtained from research articles, books, newspapers, and the internet. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia home basic information general information the house of peoples representatives the house of the federation current developments preamble we, the nations, nationalities and peoples of ethiopia. The fdre constitution will be a subject of analysis also. Erato kozakoumarcoullis former minister of foreign affairs at the roundtable discussion organized by the european. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia preamble we, the nations, nationalities and peoples of ethiopia. The federalstate intergovernmental relationship in ethiopia. The federal democratic republic of ethiopia comprises the federal government and the state members.
The country follows a federal system where the government power is divided between central government and nine regional states of governments as well as two special administrative cities. The frequent occurrence of ethnic cleansing in ethiopia has been attributable to the nature of the governments policy of ethnic federalism and the relentless desire of the ruling class to. Federalism is debatable not only in practice but also at theoretical levels. However, the war between ethiopia and eritrea from 19982000 demonstrated that secession is not a. Half of ethiopian textile and apparel companies are smes of 500 workers that are able to. Decentralization is the means to allow for the participation of people and local governments morell. Consistent with its mission, vision ethiopia creates unhindered forums for scholars, professionals and concerned ethiopians to present their carefully thought policy alternatives for ethiopia. This type of federation is identified above all with the governance of meles zenawi from the 1990s in ethiopia, where it has sometimes been known as zenawism. The twentieth century ethiopian elites, participating in the all ethiopia socialist movement meison and the ethiopian peoples revolutionary party eprp, viewed the problems in ethiopia as a result of class conflicts and not as an outcome of struggles between ethnic groups aalen 2002. Oct 18, 2017 the rwandan comparison is not surprising.
Hopefully, it may still help to understand the basic foundations laid by the constitution for building a federal system in ethiopia. Ethiopia has 99 problems but ethnic federalism is the least of them. Sc speaker, house of federations federal democratic republic of ethiopia. A means for managing or a triggering factor for ethnic conflicts in ethiopia. I, wiiereas the overthrow of the milituy dictlotonhip 11 hu ruled ithiova for,venlma yean preseatl i hiwtmiefl moment. Erato kozakoumarcoullis former minister of foreign affairs at the roundtable discussion organized by the european parliament office in cyprus. The objective of this chapter is to provide vital and wellresearched information on indigenous and modern leadership practices and investment opportunities in ethiopia. Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government the central or federal government with regional governments provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other subunit governments in a single political system. Ethnic federalism and its discontents crisis group. The regime transformed the hitherto centralised state into the federal democratic republic and also redefined citizenship, politics and identity on ethnic grounds. Ethiopian diaspora in germany centrum fur internationale. Pdf federalism and powersharing in ethiopia kaleab. The ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf, led by its chairman and prime minister, meles zenawi, has radically reformed ethiopias political system. For this reason, the following analysis has been fortified.
The structure and division of power the structure and division of power. Ethiopia plans to become a middleincome country by 2025. Federalism was a topic very much on the minds of the ethiopian legal community as ethiopia approached the fifth anniversary of its 1994 constitution. The evolution and structure of ethnic federalism in ethiopia 4 a preliminary. Northeast african studies, volume 10, number 2, new series, pp. One attribute of an empire is that it holds alien peoples in subjection. Related terms are multiethnic federalism and ethnofederalism. Semistructured interviews were conducted with two foreign and two local leaders. Pdf weaknesses of ethnic federalism in ethiopia haymi. Fiscal federalism constitutes the core and difficult area of federalism which measures the degree of division of powers among the constituent units of federations for the financial power is an engine of every activity.
Factsheet spices ethiopia netherlandsafrican business council. However, the war between ethiopia and eritrea from 19982000 demonstrated that secession is not a panacea for ethnic disputes. The country has embarked on an economic and social. What is the advantages of federalism in ethiopia answers. Fiscal decentralization in ethiopia the movement for. Implementing new constitutions october 14, 2017 draft please do not cite or distribute i. Fiscal federalism is a process of redistribution of fiscal decisionmaking power in an effort to improve the performance of the public sector in resource mobilization, efficient resource allocation and in.
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